Commemorating Australian service in Afghanistan 2001–2021 poster

Wartime snapshot

Between 2001 and 2021, more than 35,000 Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel were deployed to operations in Afghanistan and the wider Middle East Area of Operations (MEAO) in support of Afghanistan. On 11 September 2001, a series of terrorist attacks took place in the United States (US). Almost 3,000 people from more than 80 countries lost their lives, which had a profound impact around the world.

In response to 9/11, the US and its allies launched military operations in Afghanistan. The initial aim was to defeat the Taliban, who had given refuge to the terrorist group al-Qaeda. On 11 October 2001, Australia established Operation Slipper. This was the first of several ADF operations to support the people of Afghanistan.

For nearly 20 years, ADF members served alongside military personnel from partner nations, known as coalition forces. The Australian Navy, Army and Air Force all played important roles in supporting operations in Afghanistan. They worked closely with government and non-government agencies, including the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Australian Federal Police.

Australians also worked closely with Afghan nationals who served as interpreters and cultural advisers. They helped bridge language and cultural differences, supported operations and patrols, and helped Australian personnel build relationships with local communities.

Australia’s involvement in Afghanistan evolved over time. Early operations focused on preventing, deterring and responding to terrorist threats. After more than a year in country, Australians were withdrawn, and the focus diverted to rising concerns in Iraq. A small number of Australians continued working with coalition forces in Afghanistan.

In early 2005, as the security situation deteriorated in Afghanistan, Australian forces returned to help the US. Australians took on a greater role in countering insurgent groups, improving security and supporting local communities.

Operations after 2005 involved more than fighting armed groups. Australians also focused on helping the Afghan people rebuild their country and train their army and police force. This included:

• protecting local communities from insurgent attacks
• supporting Afghan government institutions
• training and mentoring Afghan security forces
• helping improve local services and infrastructure
• building trust between communities and the Afghan government.

However, ongoing violence, political instability and poverty made these goals difficult to achieve.

Following an agreement between the US and the Taliban in 2020, coalition forces began withdrawing from Afghanistan. Most Australian forces had left by 2020, although some remained until 2021.

In August 2021, the Taliban regained control of Afghanistan, including the capital, Kabul. Urgent evacuation efforts became necessary. The US led the multinational evacuations, which were very difficult and dangerous. Australian and coalition forces evacuated foreign nationals and some Afghan civilians. These missions became known as the ‘Kabul airlift’.

In the days afterwards, US leaders estimated that more than 120,000 people were evacuated from Afghanistan. Australians safely evacuated around 4,100 people.

Australians serving in Afghanistan faced many challenges and dangers. Sadly, many were wounded or lost their lives as a result of their service. This includes the 47 members of the ADF commemorated on the Australian War Memorial's Roll of Honour. The war had a significant impact on veterans and their families. Many continue to experience physical injuries and mental health challenges associated with their service.

Australia’s involvement in Afghanistan lasted for almost twenty years. This made it one of the longest ongoing military conflicts in Australian history. We remember all who served in this war and thank the families and loved ones who supported them.

National commemorative service

On Sunday 11 October 2026, DVA will hold a national commemorative service at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra to mark the 25th anniversary of Australian service in Afghanistan.

If you or someone you know is attending, please register in-person attendance through the DVA website at www.dva.gov.au/AFGHAN25.

For those unable to attend in person, the service will be broadcast live on the ABC.

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