The Cold War was a long period of political, economic, military and ideological tension following World War II. The United States (US) led Western democratic powers against the Soviet-led, single-party communist nations of the Eastern Bloc.
The Korean War emerged from Cold War tensions. It began after Korea was divided along the 38th parallel into Soviet and US occupation zones. In 1948, opposing North and South Korean governments formed, each seeking unification. On 25 June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea to forcibly impose communist rule.
The United Nations (UN) Security Council condemned the invasion. When it called on member states to help repel the attack, Australia’s anti-communist government acted quickly.
External Affairs minister Percy Spender pushed for an immediate military commitment by Australia. He aimed to combat communist expansion and cement Australia’s strategic alliance with the US.
Australia was one of the first UN nations to respond, deploying Navy warships, an Air Force squadron and an Army infantry battalion.
The Soviet Union covertly supported North Korea with financial aid, military equipment, personnel and jet fighters. Fearing invasion near its border, China intervened in October 1950. Massive numbers of Chinese troops pushed back UN forces well beyond Seoul.
