Glossary of terms

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R
Reichsmark standard monetary unit of Germany between 1924 and 1948
reinforcements extra people in a military force who are sent to help or to replace those who have been killed or wounded
rendezvous a meeting place that's been arranged between 2 or more people, often in secret
reparation a sum of money paid after a war by the defeated country for the damage and injuries it caused in other countries
repatriation returning a veteran home after they have been injured, become sick or been killed in another country; also refers to returning a military force when conflict has ceased
reservist soldier who is not serving in the regular army of a country, but can be called to serve when needed
rōmusha Asian labourers enticed or coerced to work for the Japanese on the construction of the Burma-Thailand Railway in 1942 and 1943
Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) the official name of the aerial warfare force in Australia since 31 March 1921.
Royal Australian Navy (RAN) the official name of the naval force in Australia since 10 July 1911; since 1 March 1901, it had been called the Commonwealth Naval Forces.
S
sabotage to deliberately damage or destroy an object during a war
salient a battlefield feature or bulge that projects into enemy territory, making troops vulnerable to enemy troops on multiple sides
salvage to save useful or valuable items from a damaged ship or building
salvo the firing of several guns or missiles at the same time in a battle
sanctions measures taken by countries to restrict trade and official contact with a country that has broken international law
sapper a soldier whose job is to do building, digging and similar construction work
scapegoat a person who is publicly blamed for something bad that has happened, even though it was not their fault
screening a military tactic that uses either a body of cavalry to screen the advance of an attacking infantry force or a naval force to protect the main body of ships
scuttle to sink a ship deliberately
separatist a person who wants their own separate government or is involved in separatist activities
serge a strong woollen cloth used to make clothes, such as nurses' uniform dresses
shell a metal container full of an explosive substance and fired from a large gun; (verb) to fire shells at something from a large gun - shelled, shelling, shellfire
shell shock a confused or nervous mental condition of people who have been under fire in a war
shrapnel consists of small pieces of metal that are scattered from exploding bombs or shells
siege a military tactic where soldiers surround a place in an attempt to force its people to come out or give up control of the place
signaller a radio or telephone operator in the armed forces who relays messages from the battle field to headquarters, governments or non-government organisations
skirmish a small short-lived military battle
sloop a small sailing boat with one mast
smoke shell a shell filled with white phosphorus fired by artillery to screen advancing troops
sniper a person who shoots at people from a hidden position
Somme a river in northern France where battles took place during World War I
sovereignty the power a country has to govern itself or another country or state
squalor very dirty, unpleasant conditions
stalemate a military situation where two opposing forces find that further action is either impossible or pointless
stall a compartment in a stable or shed for confining or feeding an animal
Stolen Generations describes the children of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were forcibly removed from their families from the mid-1800s to the 1970s under various federal and state laws
strafe to attack a place from an aircraft by flying low and firing a lot of bullets - also 'ground strafing'
stretcher case someone who has to be taken away on a stretcher because they are too injured or sick to walk
strong-point a crucial point in a defensive position, usually strongly fortified and heavily armed, and protected by other positions nearby
supply line a route for transporting goods and equipment to an armed force during a war, conflict or war-like operation.
surrender to give up to an enemy or to relinquish control or power over something
T
teleradio an electric receiver and transmitter set used for wireless communication in World War II
terrorism The use of violence to achieve political aims or to force government action.
theatre of area or region where a war or conflict is happening, on land, on the sea or in the sky
torpedo a bomb that is shaped like a tube and travels under water
tour of duty a period of time when a soldier is involved in a particular duty or stationed in a particular place such as a war zone.
tourniquet a strip of cloth tied tightly around an injured arm or leg to stop bleeding
tow a towboat or tug used for pushing a barge or group of barges
transport a military vehicle, especially a ship or plane, that's used to carry soldiers or equipment
traverse a protective bank or other barrier across a trench
treaty a written agreement between countries to show they agree a particular action or to help each other